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GLP-1s Explained

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13 pages in this section, most recently updated September 4, 2026.

  1. 01

    Semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy): mechanism, approvals, dosing, trials and side-effect rates

    The once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist behind Ozempic and Wegovy: how it works, every FDA approval from 2017 to the 7.2 mg dose in 2026, label dosing, STEP and SELECT numbers, and adverse-reaction rates from the label.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  2. 02

    Oral semaglutide (Rybelsus, Ozempic tablets, Wegovy tablets): the peptide that survives the stomach

    How a peptide is taken by mouth, the three semaglutide tablets and why they are not interchangeable, the 25 mg Wegovy tablet approved in December 2025, OASIS 4 and PIONEER numbers, and label adverse-reaction rates.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  3. 03

    Tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound): the GIP and GLP-1 dual agonist

    How tirzepatide differs from a pure GLP-1 drug, every FDA approval from May 2022 to the cardiovascular indication of August 2026, label dosing and missed-dose rules, SURMOUNT and SURPASS numbers, and adverse-reaction rates from the label.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  4. 04

    Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda): the once-daily GLP-1 analogue

    The first human GLP-1 analogue with a daily injection, approved for diabetes in 2010 and, as Saxenda, the first GLP-1 for weight in 2014: mechanism, approvals, label dosing, SCALE and LEADER numbers, and label adverse-reaction rates.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  5. 05

    Dulaglutide (Trulicity): the antibody-fused weekly GLP-1

    A GLP-1 analogue attached to an antibody fragment so it lasts a week: approvals from 2014 to the 4.5 mg dose and pediatric use, label dosing, REWIND and AWARD-5 numbers, and adverse-reaction rates from the label.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  6. 06

    Exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon, Bydureon BCise): the first GLP-1 receptor agonist

    The lizard-derived peptide that started the class in 2005: twice-daily Byetta, the once-weekly microsphere formulations, their approvals and dosing, the AMIGO, DURATION-1 and EXSCEL numbers, label adverse-reaction rates, and why Drugs@FDA now lists all three as discontinued.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  7. 07

    Lixisenatide (Adlyxin, Soliqua): the short-acting daily GLP-1

    An exendin-based once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist that mainly works on the meal after the injection: approvals in 2016, label dosing, GetGoal-Mono and ELIXA numbers, label adverse-reaction rates, and its role inside Soliqua 100/33.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  8. 08

    Albiglutide (Tanzeum): the withdrawn weekly GLP-1

    GSK's albumin-fused once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, approved in April 2014 and discontinued: mechanism, label dosing, the HARMONY 7 result that hurt it and the Harmony Outcomes result that arrived too late, and label adverse-reaction rates.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  9. 09

    Orforglipron (Foundayo): the first small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist

    A non-peptide GLP-1 agonist taken as a daily tablet with no fasting rule, approved as Foundayo on 1 April 2026 for weight reduction: how it differs from oral semaglutide, label dosing and CYP3A4 rules, ATTAIN-1 and ACHIEVE-1 numbers, and label adverse-reaction rates.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  10. 10

    Retatrutide: the GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon triple agonist (investigational)

    Lilly's once-weekly triple receptor agonist: what adding glucagon activity is meant to do, the phase 2 result of minus 24.2% at 48 weeks, the first phase 3 publication in type 2 diabetes, and what is not yet known. Not FDA approved.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  11. 11

    Survodutide: the glucagon and GLP-1 dual agonist (investigational)

    Boehringer Ingelheim's once-weekly GLP-1 plus glucagon receptor agonist: phase 2 dose-finding, the 2026 phase 3 obesity result of minus 13.0% at 76 weeks, the MASH program, and what the placebo arm in that trial tells you. Not FDA approved.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  12. 12

    CagriSema (cagrilintide and semaglutide): the amylin combination (investigational)

    Novo Nordisk's once-weekly co-administration of the amylin analogue cagrilintide 2.4 mg with semaglutide 2.4 mg: what amylin adds, REDEFINE 1 and REDEFINE 2 numbers, and how it compares with semaglutide alone. Not FDA approved.

    Updated September 4, 2026

  13. 13

    Mazdutide: the GLP-1 and glucagon dual agonist from China (investigational in the US)

    Innovent's once-weekly GLP-1 plus glucagon receptor agonist with phase 3 results in Chinese adults: GLORY-1 and GLORY-2 weight numbers, DREAMS-1 against dulaglutide, the adverse-event profile at 9 mg, and its status in the United States. Not FDA approved.

    Updated September 4, 2026